ⲪⲒⲖⲒⲠⲠⲞⲒⲤ 1
Coptic New TestamentTranslation
Coptic New Testament
World English Bible
1ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲓⲙⲟⲑⲉⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲉⲃⲓⲁⲓⲕ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ ⳿ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ ⲛⲏⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲓⲗⲓⲡⲡⲟⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲇⲓ⳿ⲁⲕⲱⲛ.
1Paul and Timothy, servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and servants:
2⳿ⲡ⳿ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⳿ⲧϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫϯ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲛ⳪ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅.
2Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
3ϯϣⲉⲡ⳿ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩϯ ⳿ⲉ⳿ϩⲣⲏⲓ ⳿ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲧⲏⲣϥ.
3I thank my God whenever I remember you,
4⳿ⲉϯⲣⲁ ⳿ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⳿ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⳿ⲉ⳿ϩⲣⲏⲓ ⳿ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲉⲓ⳿⳿ⲓⲣⲓ ⳿ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲱⲃϩ.
4always in every request of mine on behalf of you all, making my requests with joy,
5⳿ⲉ⳿ϩⲣⲏⲓ ⳿ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉⲧ⳿ϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⳿ⲙⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓ⳿ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⳿ⲛϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ ϣⲁ ⳿ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⳿ⲉϯⲛⲟⲩ.
5for your partnership in furtherance of the Good News from the first day until now;
6ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲑⲏⲧ ⳿ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ϫⲉ ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣϩⲏⲧⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⳿ϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲕ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⳿ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓ⳿ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅.
6being confident of this very thing, that he who began a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ.
7ⲕⲁⲧⲁ⳿ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⳿ⲙⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⳿ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⳿ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲏ ⳿ⲛ⳿ϧⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁ⳿ⲥⲛⲁⲩϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⳿ⲛ⳿ϧⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⳿ⲡⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⳿ⲛ⳿ϣⲫⲏⲣ ⳿ⲉⲡⲓ⳿ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲏⲓ.
7It is even right for me to think this way on behalf of all of you, because I have you in my heart, because both in my bonds and in the defense and confirmation of the Good News, you all are partakers with me of grace.
8ⲡⲁⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉ ⲫϯ ⳿ⲙ⳿ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⳿ⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲓ ⳿ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲧϣⲁⲛ⳿ⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅.
8For God is my witness, how I long after all of you in the tender mercies of Christ Jesus.
9ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉϯⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧϥ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲉⲧⲓ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲕⲉⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲉⲣϩⲟⲩ⳿ⲟ ϧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲡ⳿ⲉⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲥⲑⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ.
9This I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and all discernment,
10ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲇⲟⲕⲓⲙⲁⲍⲓⲛ ⳿ⲛⲛⲏⲉⲧⲉⲣⲛⲟϥⲣⲓ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⳿ⲛⲁⲧϭⲣⲟⲡ ⳿ⲉ⳿ⲡ⳿ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⳿ⲙⲠⲭ̅ⲥ̅.
10so that you may approve the things that are excellent, that you may be sincere and without offense to the day of Christ,
11ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉϩ ⳿ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲓ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲉⲩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⳿ⲙⲫϯ.
11being filled with the fruits of righteousness which are through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.
12ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛ⳿ⲉⲙⲓ ⲛⲁ⳿ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲏⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⳿ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲩ⳿ⲓ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲉⲩ⳿ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲏ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ.
12Now I desire to have you know, brothers, that the things which happened to me have turned out rather to the progress of the Good News,
13ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲁ⳿ⲥⲛⲁⲩϩ ⳿ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓ⳿ⲡⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲥⲱϫⲡ.
13so that it became evident to the whole palace guard, and to all the rest, that my bonds are in Christ,
14ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⳿ⲡϩⲟⲩ⳿ⲟ ⳿ⲛⲛⲓ⳿ⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ Ⲡ⳪ ⳿ⲛⲥⲉⲭⲁ ⳿ϩⲑⲏⲟⲩ ⳿ⲉⲛⲁ⳿ⲥⲛⲁⲩϩ ⳿ⲛϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⳿ⲛⲥⲉⲉⲣⲧⲟⲗⲙⲁⲛ ⳿ⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ ⳿ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫϯ ⳿ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲣϩⲟϯ.
14and that most of the brothers in the Lord, being confident through my bonds, are more abundantly bold to speak the word of God without fear.
15ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ⳿ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩ⳿ϣϭⲛⲏⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩϯⲙⲁϯ ⲥⲉϩⲓⲱⲓϣ ⳿ⲙⲠⲭ̅ⲥ̅.
15Some indeed preach Christ even out of envy and strife, and some also out of good will.
16ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ ⲉⲩ⳿ⲉⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲭⲏ ⲉⲩⲁⲡⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲁ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ.
16The former insincerely preach Christ from selfish ambition, thinking that they add affliction to my chains;
17ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ⳿ϣϭⲛⲏⲛ ⲥⲉϩⲓⲱⲓϣ ⳿ⲙⲠⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⳿ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ ⳿ⲛⲛⲁ⳿ⲥⲛⲁⲩϩ.
17but the latter out of love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the Good News.
18ⲁϧⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⳿ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲓⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲗⲱⲓϫⲓ ⲓⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲥⲉϩⲓⲱⲓϣ ⳿ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ϯⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓ⳿ⲉⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲟⲛ.
18What does it matter? Only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed. I rejoice in this, yes, and will rejoice.
19ϯ⳿ⲉⲙⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉⲩⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⳿ⲡⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ͞ⲛⲁ̅ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅.
19For I know that this will turn out to my salvation through your prayers and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,
20ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲁϫⲓⲛϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲁϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁϣⲓⲡⲓ ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⳿ϩⲗⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⳿ⲙ⳿ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⳿ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲉϥ⳿ⲉⲁⲓⲁⲓ ⳿ⲛϫⲉ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲓⲧⲉ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲓⲧⲉ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲫⲙⲟⲩ.
20according to my earnest expectation and hope, that I will in no way be disappointed, but with all boldness, as always, now also Christ will be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death.
21⳿ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲁⲱⲛϧ ⲡⲉ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⳿ⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ.
21For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
22ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ϧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ ⳿ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲟⲧⲡϥ ⳿ⲛϯ⳿ⲉⲙⲓ ⲁⲛ.
22But if I live on in the flesh, this will bring fruit from my work; yet I don’t know what I will choose.
23ⲥⲉ⳿ⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⳿ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓ⳿ⲥⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲧⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ ⲉⲥⲉ⳿ⲛⲧⲟⲧ ⳿ⲉⲃⲱⲗ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⳿ⲛⲧⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⳿ⲛϩⲟⲩ⳿ⲟ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⳿ϥⲥⲟⲧⲡ.
23But I am hard pressed between the two, having the desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better.
24ⲡⲓϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲧⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲕⲉⲟⲛ ⳿ⲛϩⲟⲩ⳿ⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ.
24Yet to remain in the flesh is more needful for your sake.
25ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲑⲏⲧ ϯ⳿ⲉⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲟϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛ⳿ⲡⲣⲟⲕⲟⲡⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⳿ⲫⲣⲁϣⲓ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ.
25Having this confidence, I know that I will remain, yes, and remain with you all for your progress and joy in the faith,
26ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉϥⲉⲣϩⲟⲩ⳿ⲟ ϧⲉⲛ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⳿ⲛ⳿ϧⲣⲏⲓ ⳿ⲛϧⲏⲧ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁϫⲓⲛ⳿ⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲛ ⳿ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ.
26that your boasting may abound in Christ Jesus in me through my presence with you again.
27ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⲁⲣⲓⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲩⲉⲥⲑⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲡⲉⲙ⳿ⲡϣⲁ ⳿ⲙⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛ⳿ⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⳿ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⳿ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲓⲧⲉ ⳿ⲛϯ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⳿ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟϩⲓ ⳿ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡ͞ⲛⲁ̅ ⳿ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⳿ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⳿ⲛ⳿ϣⲫⲏⲣ ⳿ⲛϧⲓⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ.
27Only let your way of life be worthy of the Good News of Christ, that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of your state, that you stand firm in one spirit, with one soul striving for the faith of the Good News;
28ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟϣⲡ ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⳿ϩⲗⲓ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ ⳿ⲉϯⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩ⳿ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫϯ ⲡⲉ.
28and in nothing frightened by the adversaries, which is for them a proof of destruction, but to you of salvation, and that from God.
29ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⳿ⲛ⳿ϩⲙⲟⲧ ⳿ⲉ⳿ϩⲣⲏⲓ ⳿ⲉϫⲉⲛ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲟⲩ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⳿ⲉⲛⲁϩϯ ⳿ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⳿ⲉϣⲉⲡ⳿ⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲟⲛ ⳿ⲉ⳿ϩⲣⲏⲓ ⳿ⲉϫⲱϥ.
29Because it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ, not only to believe in him, but also to suffer on his behalf,
30⳿ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛ ⳿ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⳿ⲙ⳿ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⳿ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⳿ⲛ⳿ϧⲣⲏⲓ ⳿ⲛϧⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲛ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⳿ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⳿ⲛϧⲏⲧ
30having the same conflict which you saw in me and now hear is in me.
Tip: use the ← and → keys to turn chapters.